The idea of a roof garden is not new. The history of roof gardens can be seen in the ancient civilization. Even before the birth of Christ, the Mesopotamian and Persian pyramid-shaped pyramid-shaped rock formations of Ziggurat were found to mark the site for gardens and planting of small trees.
In the Roman villa, a symbol of ancient civilization near the city of Pompeii, only a fixed roof was erected for gardening. Gardens were placed on the roofs of all these buildings as part of the beauty. Wealthy ruling class hobbies or trying to show something different. The general public was not involved with it.
When we talk about urban agriculture in the recent past, we are reminded of Cuba, which suddenly fell into a trade embargo after the death of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. Due to US sanctions, Cuba became an isolated country from the rest of the world overnight. Prior to 1969, Cuba's large agricultural lands produced only sugarcane and tobacco, and were exported to Russia. Oil, fertilizers, chemical pesticides came from Russia. These chemical fertilizers / pesticides were used arbitrarily on his large commercial farm.
Cuban food grains largely were import dependent. Sudden blockage puts him in a crisis of food, fuel oil, fertilizers, pesticides. Without a revolution in urban agriculture, the way was not open for his different passage.
The Cuban city green revolution, which played a major supporting role in the Cuban government, led to its recovery from this crisis. The citizens of Havana became urban farmers. The urban farmers take this work seriously and have transformed every nook and cranny of the city into a place of exceptional crop production. On a rooftop in El Cerro, a farmer raises 40 guinea pigs, six chickens, two turkeys, and hundreds of rabbits. Essential vegetables are predominant next to his flower tub. Balcony, roof full of daily agricultural products. His farming is so important that after meeting his own demand and producing crops to be sold in the market. Organic farming in small and large plots of land across the city also ensures food security for Cubans. Although the US-imposed blockade is a hardship for its people, within 4/5 years Cuban urban agriculture has seen unprecedented success that is now the best and most exemplary in the world.
The crops produced in his urban farm are free from chemicals and chemical fertilizers. About 35,000 hectares of land in Havana are being used for urban agriculture. The use of abandoned car parks, on both sides of the road, fallow land for quick farming made him self-sufficient in food. The sales center is next to the small town farm. These urban farms are in densely populated areas of the city. Fresh, non-toxic organic vegetables are within reach of the people of the city, without any change of hands.
At present, 54 percent of the world's population lives in cities, according to a United Nations report. In 1950, the rate was only 30 percent. In the future, the flow of urban people will be faster. By 2050, about 6 percent of the world's population will live in cities. By that time many more cities and megacities will be formed. So the current cities need to be developed. Timely initiatives should be taken in urban development to keep the additional people fit for habitation. North America has the most urbanization in the world. At present, 82 percent of the people live in the city. It is followed by Latin America and the Caribbean. Eighty percent of the people live in the city. In Africa and Asia, the number of urban dwellers is lower, at 40 percent and 47 percent, respectively. At present about 50 million people live in cities in Bangladesh. In 2020, 50 percent or eight and a half crore people will live in the city and by 2050, 100 percent or 26 crore people will live in the city. Then the village and the city will become one in harmony. In such a context, the city has to be built in a planned manner. And so the roof garden has become vital. Because in the future we will have no alternative but a roof. We have to be careful about roof farming.
In Bangladesh, I see those who own a house and those who have a roof hobby to do roof gardening with the idea of safe food. Again, many people dream of being introduced across the country through celebrity TV presenters of agricultural programs. It's not that they don't inspire people at all. When I heard the evidence from the side, the autorickshaw driver said, I am collecting some soil with great difficulty and I will plant two pumpkin trees. It is certain that our city dwellers will get huge success if they get agricultural inputs at affordable prices. Roof crop production is quite difficult and labor intensive, expensive, quality researcher needs new innovations in roof and urban agriculture.
We need a big blockade of petroleum- and petrochemicals, a blockade of so-called expensive agricultural products consultants, promoters, and media. We need big government initiatives like Cuba. Our roof gardeners need large government subsidized seeds, organic fertilizers, organic pesticides, land distribution, irrigation, machinery. Need to build community farms or community roof gardens. To make it a success, we all need to take part and grow our own crops in a non-toxic way. This work requires the involvement of many city dwellers, trained workers in urban agriculture.
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